Iingcebiso ezi-5 zokupeyinta ioyile kwabaqalayo

Ukuba awuzange wakufunda ukudlala umculo, ukuhlala neqela leemvumi zisebenzisa amagama obugcisa ukuchaza umsebenzi wazo kusenokuba ngumoya obhidayo, nomnandi wolwimi.Imeko efanayo inokwenzeka xa uthetha namagcisa apeyinta ngeoyile: ngequbuliso ukwincoko apho baxoxa ngamanqaku acokisekileyo emibala yemibala, bexoxa ngeengenelo zeseyile xa kuthelekiswa nelinen, okanye ukwabelana ngeendlela zokupheka zegesso yasekhaya, iingcebiso zebrashi, kunye nobuchule obubizwa ngokuba "kumanzi-on-wet."Ubuninzi bolwimi oluhamba kunye nokupeyinta kweoli kunokuziva kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuba uthatha ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nemigaqo yayo kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo, uya kuba usendleleni yokusebenzisa kunye neenkulungwane zakudala ngokukhululeka.

Ukuba usaqala nje, ungalindeli ubunyani be-Old Masters kwimisebenzi yakho yobugcisa embalwa yokuqala.Ingaba umtsha ukupenda, okanye umzobi osebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwelinye eliphakathi, njenge-acrylics okanye i-watercolors, kuya kuthatha ixesha lokufunda iimpawu ezithile zepeyinti yeoli-ingakumbi ixesha lokumisa elicothayo kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokubeka.Njengalo naluphi na uhlobo oluphakathi, kungcono ukuba uzithobe kulindelo oluphezulu, kwaye uzinike indawo yokulinga kunye nokufumanisa.

Ukunceda amagcisa anamehlo aqaqambileyo alangazelela ukuzama ioli, siye sathetha namagcisa amabini nawo afundisa ukupeyinta saza saqulunqa amacebiso amahlanu okuziqhelanisa nendlela.

1. Peyinta Ngokukhuselekileyo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela apho uya kupeyinta khona.Uninzi lwama-mediums, njenge-turpentine, lukhupha imisi enetyhefu enokubangela ukuba ube nesiyezi, ukuphelelwa amandla, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, iingxaki zokuphefumla.I-Turpentine nayo inokutsha kakhulu, kwaye namadlavu afunxa okuphakathi ayakwazi ukuzitshisa ukuba ayilahlwanga kakuhle.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usebenze kwindawo engena umoya ekwaziyo ukufikelela kwindlela ekhuselekileyo yokulahla.Ukuba awunaso isakhono sokusebenza kwindawo enjalo, zamaukupeyinta ngee-acrylics, enokuthi ithathe ngokulula ezinye zeempawu zepeyinti yeoli ngoncedo lwee-mediums ezikhethekileyo.

Ii-pigments kwipeyinti yeoli zihlala ziqulatheiikhemikhali eziyingozienokuthi ifunwe ngesikhumba, ngoko kufuneka unxibe iiglavu zokukhusela kunye nempahla.Uninzi lwamagcisa aqeqeshiweyo aya kugcinela amanqaku athile empahla xa esebenza, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aphuhlise i-wardrobe yesitudiyo.Ukongeza, amagcisa ahlala athenga iiglavu zelatex ngobuninzi, kodwa ukuba une-latex allergy, iiglavu ze-nitrile zinokuthatha indawo yazo.Okokugqibela, ukuba ukhe wazifumana usebenza ngee-pigments ezikhululekileyo, qiniseka ukuba unxibe isiphefumlo.La manyathelo asenokubonakala amancinci okanye acacile, kodwa angakwazithintela ukuba sesichengeni esingapheliyokwizinto ezinetyhefu, kunye neenkxalabo zempilo yobomi bonke.

2. Thatha ixesha lokwazi imathiriyeli yakho

Nje ukuba uwakhusele amanyathelo akho okhuseleko, ungaqala ukwenzakancincifumanisa ukuba zeziphi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ozithanda kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzobi oqala ukusebenza ngepeyinti yeoli uya kufuna ukuqokelela ukhetho lweebrashi, ama-rags, i-palette, indawo yokupeyinta kuyo (ebizwa ngokuba yinkxaso), i-primer, i-turpentine, i-medium, kunye neetyhubhu ezimbalwa zepeyinti.

KubaUMargaux Valengin, umzobi ofundiswe kulo lonke elase-UK kwizikolo ezifana neManchester School of Art kunye neLondon Slade School of Fine Art, esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo yibrashi.“Ukuba uzinyamekela kakuhle iibrashi zakho, ziya kuhlala ubomi bakho bonke,” watsho.Qala ngeentlobo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ujonge ukwahluka kwimilo-–engqukuva, isikwere, kunye neemilo zeefeni zeminye imizekelo––kunye nemathiriyeli, njengeenwele ezibhityileyo okanye ezivuthuzayo.UValengin ucebisa ukuba uzithengele umntu evenkileni,hayikwi-intanethi.Ngale ndlela unokujonga ngokwasemzimbeni iimpawu kunye nomahluko kwiibrashi ngaphambi kokuba uzithenge.

Ngokuphathelele iipeyinti, uValengin ucebisa ukuba utyale imali kwiipeyinti ezingabizi kakhulu ukuba ungumntu osaqalayo.Ityhubhu ye-37 ml yepeyinti ye-oyile yomgangatho ophezulu inokubaleka ukuya phezulu kwi-40 yeedola, ngoko ke kungcono uthenge iipeyinti ezinexabiso eliphantsi ngelixa usaziqhelanisa kunye nokulinga.Kwaye njengoko uqhubeka nokupeyinta, uya kufumana iibrendi kunye nemibala oyithandayo."Unokugqiba ukuthanda oku bomvu kolu hlobo, kwaye emva koko ufumanise ukuba ukhetha oku luhlaza kolunye uphawu," utshilo uValengin.Nje ukuba uyazi kancinci malunga nemibala, ungatyala imali kwii-pigments ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuncedisa iibrashi zakho kunye nepeyinti, qiniseka ukuba uthenge imela ye-palette ukuxuba imibala yakho kunye-ukwenza oko ngebrashi kunokuphelisa ukonakalisa i-bristles yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha.Kwipalethi, amagcisa amaninzi atyala imali kwiqhekeza elikhulu leglasi, kodwa uValengin uthi ukuba ufumene iqhekeza leglasi elilele macala onke, ungalisebenzisa ngokusonga imiphetho yayo ngeteyiphu yokutsala.

Ukuqala i-canvas okanye ezinye izinto ezixhasayo, amaninzi amagcisa asebenzisa i-acrylic gesso-i-primer emhlophe emhlophe-kodwa ungasebenzisa iglue yesikhumba somvundla, eyoma ngokucacileyo.Uya kudinga i-solvent, njenge-turpentine, ukunciphisa ipeyinti yakho, kwaye amaninzi amagcisa ahlala egcina iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeoyile esekwe esandleni.Amanye ama-mediums, njengeoli ye-linseed, aya kunceda ipeyinti yakho yome ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ezinye, njengeoli yokuma, ziya kwandisa ixesha lokumisa.

Ipeyinti yeoli iyomangokugqithisileyokancinane, kwaye nokuba umphezulu uvakala womile, ipeyinti engaphantsi isenokuthi imanzi.Xa usebenzisa ipeyinti esekwe kwi-oyile, kufuneka uhlale ukhumbula le mithetho mibini engqondweni: 1) ipeyinti incike kakhulu (okanye "i-fat over lean"), kwaye 2) ungaze ulale i-acrylics phezu kweoli.Ukupeyinta "ukungqiyama ukuya ngqindilili" kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uqale imizobo yakho ngokuhlamba kwepeyinti, kwaye njengoko uqhubeka umaleko, kufuneka wongeze i-turpentine encinci kunye ne-oyile-based medium;ngaphandle koko, iileyile zepeyinti ziya koma ngokungalinganiyo, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, umphezulu wobugcisa bakho uya kuqhekeka.Kuyafana nokubeka i-acrylics kunye namafutha - ukuba awufuni ukuba ipeyinti yakho iqhekeze, soloko ubeka ioli phezu kwe-acrylics.

3. Nciphisa i-palette yakho

Xa usiya kuthenga ipeyinti, uya kudibana kakhulu nomnyama olingana nodonga lwemibala.Esikhundleni sokuthenga yonke imibala ongathanda ukuyifaka kwipeyinti yakho, qalisa ngabambalwa-khetha ngokucophelela iibhubhu.“Eyona ndlela inemveliso yokuqala kukukhawulela ipalethi yakho,” utshiloSedrick Chisom, igcisa elifundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia Commonwealth.Ngokwesiqhelo, i-cadmium orenji okanye i-ultramarine blue combo lukhetho oluthandwayo xa uqala kuqala,” wongeze watsho.Xa usebenza ngemibala emibini echaseneyo, njengobhlowu kunye neorenji, ikunyanzela ukuba ugxile kwixabiso--ukukhanya okanye mnyama kangakanani umbala wakho--endaweni yobunzulu okanye ichroma.

Ukuba ungeze enye ityhubhu kwi-palette yakho, efana ne-cadmium yellow light (i-yellow yellow), okanye i-alizarin crimson (umbala we-magenta), uya kubona ukuba umbalwa kangakanani imibala oyifunayo ukuze wenze enye i-hue.“Kwivenkile, bathengisa zonke iintlobo zohlaza onokuthi uzenze ngetyheli kunye neblues,” utshilo uValengin.“Kuluqheliselo oluhle ukuzama ukwenza eyakho imibala.”

Ukuba awuhambelani nethiyori yombala, zama ukwenza itshathi ukuze ubone indlela imibala yakho exuba ngayo: qala ngokuzoba igridi, uze ubeke nganye yemibala yakho phezulu nasezantsi.Kwisikwere ngasinye, xuba izixa ezilinganayo zemibala ude ugcwalise itshati ngayo yonke imidibaniso yombala enokwenzeka.

4. Zama ukupeyinta ngemela ye-palette

Umsebenzi wokuqala ucetyiswa nguChisom kubapeyinti abatsha kukwenza umzobo usebenzisa imela yephalethi endaweni yeebrashi."Enye yeengxaki ezisisiseko ezivelayo zinento yokwenza nokucingelwa ukuba izakhono zokuzoba ziguqulela ukupeyinta," utshilo uChisom."Abafundi bafumana ukulungiswa kwiingcamango zokuzoba kwaye bakhawuleza baxhalabe ngokuxhalabisa okuthe ngqo kwipeyinti yeoli--ukuba izinto eziphathekayo azikho imidiya eyomileyo, loo mbala unokwakha umfanekiso bhetele kunomgca wexesha elininzi, ukuba umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo usisiqingatha. umzobo, njl.

Ukusebenzisa imela yephalethi kukunyanzela kude kwiimbono zokuchaneka kunye nomgca, kwaye kukwenza ugxininise kwindlela ukutyhala kunye nokutsalwa kombala kunye neemilo kunokudala umfanekiso.I-Chisom icebisa ukuba usebenze kumhlaba obuncinci obuyi-9-by-13 intshi, njengoko indawo enkulu inokukukhuthaza ukuba wenze amanqaku amakhulu, azithembe ngakumbi.

5. Peyinta umxholo omnye ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Ngexesha leklasi yam yokuqala yokupeyinta i-oyile njengomfundi wezobugcisa kwi-Cooper Union, ndacatshukiswa yiprojekthi enye ngokukodwa: Kwafuneka sipeyinte ubomi obufanayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwiinyanga ezintathu.Kodwa xa ndijonga ngasemva, ngoku ndiyabona ukuba bekubaluleke kangakanani ukuba nombandela osisigxina ngelixa ufunda ubugcisa bokupeyinta.

Ukuba unamathela kwisifundo esifanayo ixesha elide, uya kukhululeka kwingcinezelo "yokukhetha" into engena kumfanekiso wakho, kwaye endaweni yoko, ukucinga kwakho kokuyila kuya kukhanya ekusebenziseni ipeyinti yakho.Ukuba ingqalelo yakho igxininise kwiindlela zokupeyinta ioli, unokuqala ukubeka ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kuyo yonke i-brushstroke-indlela eqondisa ngayo ukukhanya, ukuba isetyenziswe kangakanani okanye incinci kangakanani, okanye ichaza ntoni.“Xa sijonga umzobo, sinokubona iimpawu zebrashi, sibona ukuba zeziphi iibhrashi ezisetyenzisiweyo ngumzobi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abapeyinti bazama ukucima ibrashi.Abanye abantu basebenzisa amadlavu,” utshilo uValengin."Isenzo somzobi asenzayo kwiseyile sisinika into ekhethekileyo."

Isimbo somzobi sinokuntsonkotha ngokwengqiqo njengesifundo abasipeyintayo.Oku kudla ngokuba njalo xa amagcisa esebenza “emanzi-on-emanzi”––ubuchule apho ipeyinti emanzi igalelwa kumaleko epeyinti angaphambili, angekawomi.Xa usebenza ngolu hlobo, kunzima ukubeka ipeyinti ukuze udale inkohliso yomfanekiso wenyani, ngoko ke ubuchule kunye nobuninzi bepeyinti buba ngumbono ophambili.Okanye ngamanye amaxesha, njengokupeyintwa koMbala weNdawo, umzobo uya kusebenzisa iindiza ezinkulu zombala ukwenza impembelelo yeemvakalelo okanye emoyeni.Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yokuvakalisa ibali ngemifanekiso, yindlela owenziwe ngayo umzobo ochaza ibali.