URuby Mander Alizarin ngumbala omtsha weWinsor & Newton owenziwe ngezibonelelo ze-alizarin yokwenziwa.Siphinde safumanisa lo mbala kwiindawo zethu zoovimba, kwaye kwincwadi yemibala ukusuka ngo-1937, oosokhemisti bethu bagqiba kwelokuba bazame ukuthelekisa olu didi lunamandla olunombala omnyama we-Alizarin Lake.
Sisenazo iincwadana zombhali webala waseBritane uGeorge Field;waziwa ngokusebenza ngokusondeleyo nomseki wethu ekuqulunqweni kombala.Emva kokuba uMmandla uphuhlise ubuchule bokwenza umbala wemadder uhlale ixesha elide, kuye kwaqhutywa ezinye iimvavanyo zokuphuhlisa ezinye iintlobo ezintle zemadder, eyona pigment yayiyi-alizarin.
Ingcambu ye-madder eqhelekileyo (i-Rubia tinctorum) iye yalinywa kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudaya iingubo ubuncinane iminyaka engamawaka amahlanu, nangona ithatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe kwipeyinti.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenzisa i-madder njenge-pigment, kufuneka uqale uguqule idayi enyibilikayo emanzini ibe yimbumba enganyibilikiyo ngokuyidibanisa netyuwa yentsimbi.
Emva kokuba inganyibiliki, inokomiswa kunye nentsalela eqinileyo yomhlaba kwaye ixutywe nepeyinti yepeyinti, njengayo nayiphi na i-pigment yamaminerali.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-lake pigment kwaye bubuchule obusetyenziswayo ukwenza ii-pigments ezininzi ngezityalo okanye izilwanyana.
Amanye amachibi okuqala e-madder afunyenwe kwi-Cypriot pottery ukusuka kwi-8th Century BC.Amachibi aseMadder ayesetyenziswa kwimifanekiso yomama yaseRomano-Egyptian.Kwipeyinti yaseYurophu, i-madder yayisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngekhulu le-17 kunye ne-18.Ngenxa yeempawu ze-pigment ezicacileyo, amachibi e-madder ayesoloko esetyenziselwa ukukhenkceza
Ubuchule obuqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa i-madder glaze phezu kwe-vermilion ukudala i-crimson eqaqambileyo.Le ndlela inokubonwa kwimizobo emininzi kaVermeer, njengeNtombazana eneNqaku eliBomvu (c. 1665).Okumangalisayo kukuba, zimbalwa kakhulu iiresiphi zembali zamachibi e-madder.Esinye isizathu soku kukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, iidayi ze-madder aziveli kwizityalo, kodwa kwiimpahla esele zidayiwe.
Ngowe-1804, iGeorge Field yayisele iphuhlise indlela elula yokukhupha idayi kwiingcambu zemadder nakwimadder esechibini, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho ibala elizinze ngakumbi.Igama elithi "madder" linokufumaneka ukuchaza uluhlu lwemibala ebomvu, ukusuka kumdaka ukuya kumfusa ukuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Oku kungenxa yokuba imibala etyebileyo yedayi ye-madder ingumphumo wokuxutywa okuntsonkothileyo kwemibala.
Umlinganiselo wale mibala unokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi, ukusuka kuhlobo lwesityalo semadder esisetyenzisiweyo, umhlaba esikhule kuwo isityalo, ukuya kwindlela iingcambu ezigcinwa ngayo kwaye zicocwe.Ukongeza, umbala we-madder pigment yokugqibela uyachatshazelwa yintsimbi yetyuwa esetyenziselwa ukuyenza inganyibiliki.
Usokhemisti waseBritane uWilliam Henry Perkin wonyulwa kwesi sikhundla ngo-1868 zizazinzulu zaseJamani uGraebe noLieberman, ababenelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza indlela yokwenza i-alizarin kusuku olungaphambili.Le yi-pigment yendalo yokuqala yokwenziwa.Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokwenza oku kukuba i-alizarin yokwenziwa ixabisa ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sexabiso le-alizarin yendalo yechibi, kwaye inokukhanya okungcono.Oku kungenxa yokuba izityalo zemadder zithatha iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ukuze zibe nombala obalaseleyo, kuze kulandele inkqubo ethabatha ixesha elide yokukhupha idayi yazo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-25-2022