Ucinga kangaphi nge-backstory emva kwemibala oyikhethayo njengomculi?Wamkelekile kujongo lwethu olunzulu malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini uhlaza.
Mhlawumbi ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza okanye ithamsanqa elinamagqabi amane.Iingcamango zenkululeko, isikhundla, okanye ikhwele zisenokuthi qatha engqondweni.Kodwa kutheni sibona uhlaza ngolu hlobo?Ziziphi ezinye iintsingiselo ezizivuselelayo?Inyaniso yokuba umbala omnye unokukhupha imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo kunye nemixholo inomdla.
Ubomi, ukuzalwa kwakhona, kunye nendalo
Unyaka omtsha uzisa iziqalo ezintsha, iingcamango ezitsha kunye neziqalo ezintsha.Nokuba ibonisa ukukhula, ukuzala okanye ukuzalwa kwakhona, uhlaza sele kukho amawaka eminyaka njengophawu lobomi ngokwabo.Kwintsomi yamaSilamsi, umntu ongcwele uAl-Khidr umela ukungafi kwaye uboniswa kwimifanekiso yonqulo enxibe isambatho esiluhlaza.AmaYiputa amandulo ayebonisa u-Osiris, uthixo wehlabathi elingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuzalwa ngokutsha, elukhumbeni oluluhlaza, njengoko kubonwa kwimizobo evela kwingcwaba likaNefertari elisusela kwinkulungwane ye-13 BC.Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona kunjalo, uhlaza ekuqaleni aluzange lukwazi ukumelana novavanyo lwexesha.Ukusebenzisa indibaniselwano yomhlaba wendalo kunye ne-copper mineral malachite ukwenza ipeyinti eluhlaza kuthetha ukuba ubomi bayo buya kuphazamiseka ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko i-pigment eluhlaza ijika ibe mnyama.Nangona kunjalo, ilifa eliluhlaza njengophawu lobomi kunye neziqalo ezintsha lihlala linjalo.
NgesiJapan, igama elithetha okuluhlaza lithi midori, elisuka “kumagqabi” okanye “ukuchuma.”Ibalulekile kwipeyinti yembonakalo yomhlaba, uhlaza lwachumisa kubugcisa benkulungwane ye-19.Cinga ngomxube wemibala eluhlaza kunye ne-emerald kwi-Van Gogh's 1889 Green Wheat Field, iHlobo likaMorisot (c. 1879) kunye ne-Monet's Iris (c. 1914-17).Umbala uphinde wavela kwi-canvas ukuya kuphawu lwamazwe ngamazwe, oluphawulwe kwiiflegi zePan-African zenkulungwane yama-20.Yasekwa ngo-1920 ukuhlonipha i-diaspora emnyama kwihlabathi jikelele, imigca eluhlaza yeflegi imele ubutyebi bendalo bomhlaba wase-Afrika kwaye ikhumbuza abantu ngeengcambu zabo.
Ubume kunye nobutyebi
KumaXesha Aphakathi, uhlaza lwaseYurophu lwalusetyenziswa ukwahlula izityebi kumahlwempu.Ukugqoka okuluhlaza kunokubonisa isimo sentlalontle okanye umsebenzi ohloniphekileyo, ngokungafaniyo nesihlwele sabalimi abanxibe iigrey ezimnyama kunye nomdaka.Umsebenzi wobugcisa ka-Jan Van Eyck, uMtshato ka-Arnolfini (malunga nowe-1435), uzobe utoliko oluninzi olujikeleze umzobo wesibini esingaqondakaliyo.Noko ke, inye into engenakuphikiswa: ubutyebi newonga labo ekuhlaleni.UVan Eyck wasebenzisa iilokhwe eziluhlaza oqaqambileyo kwiilokhwe zamanenekazi, enye yeendlela zabo zokupha.Ngelo xesha, ukuvelisa eli laphu elimibalabala kwakuyinkqubo yokudaya ebiza imali eninzi yaye ithabatha ixesha, nto leyo eyayifuna ukuba kuxutywe iiminerali nemifuno.
Nangona kunjalo, uhlaza lunemida yalo.Umzobo odumileyo wexesha lonke ubonisa imodeli enxibe eluhlaza;kuLeonardo da Vinci "Mona Lisa" (1503-1519), ilokhwe eluhlaza ibonisa ukuba wayevela kwi-aristocracy, njengoko ubomvu bugcinelwe abantu abahloniphekileyo.Namhlanje, ubudlelwane kunye nohlaza kunye nesimo sentlalo buye batshintshela kubutyebi bezemali kuneklasi.Ukusuka kuhlaza olufipheleyo lwamatyala edola ukusukela ngo-1861 ukuya kwiitafile eziluhlaza ngaphakathi kweekhasino, uhlaza lubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela esibala ngayo indawo yethu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ityhefu, umona kunye nenkohliso
Nangona uhlaza lunxulunyaniswa nesifo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo amaGrike namaRoma, sinxulumanisa umona noWilliam Shakespeare.Intetho ethi "i-monster enamehlo aluhlaza" yaqanjwa yi-bard kuMrhwebi waseVenice (malunga no-1596-1599), kwaye "amehlo aluhlaza ekhwele" libinzana elithathwe ku-Othello (malunga ne-1603).Olu nxulumano olungathembekanga kunye nohlaza lwaqhubeka ngekhulu le-18, xa iipende ezinobuthi kunye nedayi zazisetyenziselwa iphepha lodonga, upholstery kunye nempahla.Uhlaza lulula ukwenza ngokuqaqamba, okuhlala ixesha elide kwebala eliluhlaza, kwaye iArsenic equlathe iGreen's Green edume kakubi ngoku yaqanjwa ngo-1775 nguCarl Wilhelm Scheele.I-Arsenic ithetha okokuqala ukuba uhlaza olucacileyo lungenziwa, kwaye i-hue yayo enesibindi yayithandwa kuluntu lwase-Victorian eLondon naseParis, engazi nto ngemiphumo yayo enobuthi.
Ukusasazeka nokufa okuye kwaphumela ekubeni lo mbala uyeke ukuveliswa ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane.Kutshanje, incwadi kaL. Frank Baum ka-1900 ethi Wizard of Oz yasebenzisa uhlaza njengendlela yokukhohlisa nokukhohlisa.I-wizard inyanzelisa umgaqo oqinisekisa abemi beSixeko sase-Emerald ukuba isixeko sabo sihle ngakumbi kunokuba sinjalo ngokwenene: "Abantu bam baye banxiba iiglasi eziluhlaza ixesha elide kangangokuba abaninzi babo bacinga ukuba ngokwenene siSixeko sase-Emerald.Kwakhona, xa i-studio yefilimu i-MGM yenza isigqibo sokuba iWitch Wicked of the West iya kuba luhlaza ngombala, i-1939 color adaptation yefilimu yaguqula ubuso bamagqwirha kwinkcubeko eyaziwayo.
Inkululeko kunye nokuzimela
Uhlaza lusetyenziswe ukumela inkululeko kunye nokuzimela ukusukela kwinkulungwane yama-20.Umzobi we-Art Deco kaTamara de Lempicka ka-1925 uzenzele umfanekiso-ngqondweni kaTamara kwiBugatti eluhlaza waboniswa kuqweqwe lwemagazini yefashoni yaseJamani i-Die Dame kwaye ukususela ngoko yaba luphawu lokunyuka kwentshukumo yenkululeko yabasetyhini ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.Ngelixa umculi ngokwakhe engenamoto yegama elifanayo, i-Lempicka kwisihlalo somqhubi imele ingcamango enamandla ngobugcisa.Kutshanje, ngo-2021, umlingisi u-Elliot Page uhombise i-lapel ye-suit ye-Met Gala nge-carnations eluhlaza;imbeko kwimbongi u-Oscar Wilde, owenza okufanayo kwi-1892 njengomqondiso wobunye obuyimfihlo phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay.Namhlanje, le ngxelo inokubonwa njengophawu lwenkululeko kunye nomanyano oluvulekileyo lokuxhasa uluntu lwe-LGBT +.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-17-2022